زمن الماضي التام
اختبر معلوماتكاستخدامات الماضي التام
يُسْتَخْدَم الماضي التام للإشارة إلى وقت سابق عما قبل الآن. فهو يُسْتَخْدَم لتوضيح فكرة وقوع حدث قبل حدث آخر في الماضي. يُمْكِن وضع أي من الحَدَثين قبل الآخر حيث أن زمن الجملة سيَدُل على ترتيب الحَدَث.
في الأمثلة التالية، يشير الحدث (أ) إلى الفعل الذي وقَعَ أولًا بينما يشير الحدث (ب) إلى الفعل الذي وَقَع بعده.
| الحدث (أ) | الحدث (ب) |
| John had gone out | when I arrived in the office. |
| الحدث (أ) | الحدث (ب) |
| I had saved my document | before the computer crashed. |
| الحدث (ب) | الحدث (أ) |
| When they arrived | we had already started cooking. |
| الحدث (ب) | الحدث (أ) |
| He was very tired | because he hadn't slept well. |
تكوين الماضي التام
يتكون الفعل في زمن الماضي التام من جزأين هما: الماضي البسيط من الفعل (had) to have والتصريف الثالث للفعل الرئيسي.
| الفاعل | had | التصريف الثالث |
|---|---|---|
| الإثبات | ||
| She | had | given |
| النفي | ||
| She | hadn't | asked. |
| الاستفهام | ||
| Had | they | arrived? |
| الاستفهام المنفي | ||
| Hadn't | you | finished? |
الماضي التام، To decide كمثال
| الإثبات | النفي | الاستفهام |
|---|---|---|
| I had decided | I hadn't decided | Had I decided? |
| You had decided | You hadn't decided | Had you decided? |
| She had decided | She hadn't decided | Had she decided? |
| We had decided | We hadn't decided | Had we decided? |
| They had decided | They hadn't decided | Had they decided? |
الماضي التام + just
تُسْتَخْدَم 'just' مع الماضي التام للإشارة إلى حدث تَمَ قبل وقت قصير جدًا عما قبل الآن:
- The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
- She had just left the room when the police arrived.
- I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.